Computer Games Morality in the Virtual World

Is AP US History Hard Expert Discussion

Is AP US History Hard Expert Discussion SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP classes are typically more challenging than regular high school classes, but some are harder than others. Based on testing statistics and an examination of the curriculum, we can come up with accurate assessments of the true difficulty level of each AP class. In this article, I'll analyze AP US History exam scores, student testimonials, and course content to give you a clear picture of how hard the class really is! What Factors Go Into Determining the Difficulty of an AP Class? There are five factors that we will consider when deciding whether AP US History is a difficult class compared to other APs. I'll give you a quick rundown on all of them before we dive into answering our main question: isAP US History hard? Factor #1: Passing Rate This is the percentage of students who earn a 3 or above on the exam.Lower passing rates may indicate a more difficult class.However, sometimes, passing rates in the hardest subjects are unexpectedly high because only the most dedicated students take those classes.A smaller group of more serious students makes for a larger percentage of passing scores overall. Factor #2: Five Rate The 5 rate is the percentage of students who earn 5s (the highest possible score) on the AP test.If the 5 rate is on the lower side, it may indicate that the material is more difficult to master.A low 5 rate can also sometimes happen with very popular classes.The proportion of students who are prepared for an AP test tends to decrease as the total number of students taking it increases. Factor #3: Content Difficulty This boils down to the amount of material the course covers and how advanced that material is.Some courses have high 5 and passing rates because their content is extremely challenging, and only very driven students will take them, not because they are easy classes. Factor #4: Student Testimonials What do students say about the class? There should be some consistency based on the fact that everyone learns essentially the same curriculum, and everyone ends up taking the same test.Student feedback can provide more information about the day to day challenges of the class and the nature of the workload. Factor #5: Timing of the Class A final factor to consider is when students usually take the class.Classes that students take later in high school will be more difficult overall, although some students perceive them as being easier than other AP classes that they took when they had less experience.The reverse is true of classes that students take as underclassmen. When you've taken too many AP testsin your time. What Do Statistics Say About the AP US History Exam? To start off, I’ll examine the statistics for passing and 5 rates on the AP US History exam in 2015. Passing Rate The 2015 passing rate was 50.7 percent.Only three other tests have lower passing rates: AP US Government and Politics, AP Environmental Science, and AP Physics 1.This comparatively low passing rate would suggest that the test is difficult, but we can’t say that for sure yet. AP Environmental Science, for example, is a test with an even lower passing rate, but that class isn’t considered particularlydifficult.It’s low because more people who have little to no experience with other high-level classes tend to take AP Environmental Science as a one-off AP for their transcripts.A high volume of under-preparedstudents skews the passing rate lower, so the low passing rate means less about the difficulty of the class in this case. For AP US History, since it’s one of the most popular AP classes (the number of students enrolled was second only to English Language and Composition in 2015), the passing rate may likewise be skewed slightly lower because there are so many students at different levels of preparation who take it.However, students who take AP US History also tend to be students who are better prepared and have probably taken other AP/honors classes as well.The low passing rate might be slightly illusory because of the sheer number of people taking the test, but students who take it are (overall) high-achieving, so the data still points to the test being pretty hard.This fact is strongly linked to the difficulty of the content and intensity of the workload in AP US History, which I'll describe in more detail later in this article. Five Rate The 5 rate for AP US History in 2015 was 9.3 percent.Only seven other AP assessments had lower 5 rates than AP US History, as compared to the 27 with higher 5 rates.This would again suggest that the test is more difficult compared to other AP tests.However, five rates can also be skewed high or low depending on the popularity of the class and the types of students who take it. Some objectively difficult classes have high five rates because they’re less popular, and the students who do take them are more well-prepared and dedicated to the subject (Chinese Language, for example).AP US History is a popular class, so there may be a wider spectrum of preparedness amongstudents, bringing down the five rate.But, as I mentioned in the first part of this section, it’s also a class that is usually taken by the most high-achieving students, so there shouldn’t be wide-ranging problems with a lack of preparation.The low five rate combined with the types of students who take AP US History suggest that it is a difficult test. So far, based on testing statistics, we’re leaning towards the conclusion that AP US History IS hard.Let’s take a look at the otherfactors to see if they line up. Besides being the best AP score, five is also the ideal number of fingers for a human. What a kooky koincidence! Is the APUSH Content Difficult? AP US History covers the past few hundred years of history in this country, so there’s a lot to remember for the exam.However, memorization isn’t the main challenge.Throughout the test, you’re asked to analyze historical documents, demographic and other charts, and political illustrations from various periods in history.You have to apply your background knowledge to these sources and draw conclusions by blending skills of factual recall and deeper analysis. The free-response section is particularly challenging in this regard.Writing a coherent, well-supported argumentative essay on such a high-pressure test isn’t easy.And for the document-based question, you also have to incorporate at least six of the seven sources into your essay while using outside knowledge to bolster whatever point you’re making. I would argue the content is challenging because of the way you’re asked to synthesize what you’ve learned and relate it to themes that span multiple periods in history.These types of assessments are usually reserved for college classes because of the high-level thinking skills required.You have to look beyond the facts to draw larger informed conclusions. You want me to synthesize the what now? Do Students Think AP US History Is Hard? History was my best subject in high school, but I definitely didn’t think AP US History was an easy class.The tests were always challenging because my teacher had us take them with the same time constraints as the real AP exam.We would have one 50-minute class period to answer a bunch of multiple-choice questions and write a long essay.I remember the tests being stressful, but most people did well on the AP test because they knew what to expect. APUSHwas time-consuming outside of class because of the number of textbook reading assignments and other outside projects.We had â€Å"seminars† every couple of weeks where we were assigned to different sides of a historical issue and had a class-wide debate.We had to do write-ups of each seminar and were graded for participation during the debate.There were also quizzes on the nightly readings at the beginning of every class, so your grade would suffer if you didn’t do the homework. The consensus among other students (based on what I’ve seen in online forums) is reflective of my experiences.Most say that AP US History is a lot of work. Not all of it is difficult, and much of it is interesting, but it will take up a big chunk of your time.You have to be prepared to put in the effort, especially if you prefer science and math to the humanities,and the type of work you do in the course doesn’t come as naturally to you. I'd also like to consider briefly the last of the five factors I mentioned in the first section, which is when students tend to take this class.AP US History is typically taken later in high school (during junior or senior year).Many students have already experienced other AP classes, and all are familiar with the high school workload. Still, they find AP US History to be challenging in comparison to other classes.Our theory in the section on testing statistics has held true here as well - seems like this is a tough class from any angle. You're required to use authentic study materials and methods from each period. Sorry, electricity didn't go mainstream until the 1920s. Will AP US History Be Hard for YOU? It seems like APUSH is a hard class overall, but every student is different.You may have to do more research and self-reflection before you decide definitively whether this class will fit comfortably into your schedule.Here are a couple of measures I’d recommend taking if you want to get a clearer picture of what your experience with APUSH might be like: Ask Teachers and Past Students About the Class The most reliable way to decide whether AP US History will be difficult for you is to ask students and teachers who are familiar with it to give you their perspectives.If you know any older students who have similar academic records to you, ask them what they thought of the class and the workload.You can also ask your current history teacher if he or she thinks you’ll be able to handle AP US History based on your performance this year.You can even ask your guidance counselor what his or her opinion is of the class based on the performance of past students. Every AP US History class is slightly different because teachers have the freedom to design their own curriculum within the course framework. Be Aware of Your Academic Strengths and Weaknesses Which subjects challenge you the most? If you’re better at quantitative subjects like math and science and struggle with subjects that require lots of reading, writing, and memorization of facts, you can assume that AP US History will be difficult for you.On the other hand, if you prefer subjects that incorporate critical reading skills and essay writing (and have some interest in history), the class will probably be much easier. Keep in mind that this might be different from other history classes you took earlier in high school. Lower-level history classes are about factual recall, whereas the skills you need for AP US History are more analytical.It’s about applying your knowledge rather than just restating it. Check Your Class Schedule AP US History is a time-consuming class, so you should consider your schedule to make sure you aren’t overloading yourself by adding it into the mix.If you’re taking other challenging AP classes at the same time, you should be prepared for a daunting workload. Don’t take on too much, or you'll end up sacrificing your sanity and/or GPA. Pay attention to warning signs that your eyes may be bigger than your academic stomach. Conclusion: So, Is AP US History Hard? Based on all the factors I’ve examined in this article, AP US Historyis a hard class compared to most other APs.It has low passing and 5 rates, the content is challenging, students testify to a heavy workload, and most people don’t take it until junior or senior year.You should think carefully before you decide to enroll, but don’t underestimate yourself.Even if it’s a challenge, most students also think it’s an engaging and interesting class, and you’ll learn valuable analytical skills that will come in handy later in your academic career! What's Next? Looking for resources to help you get through this class with minimal suffering?Check out our list of the best review books available for AP US History this year. You can also read my ultimate study guide for AP US History for advice and links to tons of online practice questions! US History is on the more difficult end of the AP spectrum. Are there any easy AP classes to balance out your schedule? Read this article to find out which AP classes will be easiest for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

American Airlines Flight 191 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Airlines Flight 191 - Case Study Example This maintenance procedure is believed to have led to the engine separating from the wing. The procedure was carried out because McDonnell-Douglas issued a service bulletin requiring that the "upper and lower spherical bearings that attached the pylon to the wing" (Failure Analysis, 2008, pg. 1) be replaced. Instead of carrying out the procedure according to the accompanying directions, American Airlines decided to replace the assembly via a cheaper method that involved less time and effort to undertake. The aft bulkhead could have been brought into contact with the wing-mounted clevis via a number of different ways. Either during or after the hardware in the aft bulkhead fitting was removed, a load could have been applied that would have been sufficient enough to produce a crack. When attaching the pylon, the maintenance personnel had to be extremely careful because of the small distance between the pylon and wing attachments and the structural elements. It would only take a minor error for the forklift operator to damage the bulkhead and its upper flange (Failure Analysis, 2008). the airlines contributed to this accident" (Failure Analysis, 2008, pg. 1).

Define our approach to developing a Lifce Cycle Cost for the RRRP - to Research Paper

Define our approach to developing a Lifce Cycle Cost for the RRRP - to help prime develop logical path to developing and fielding technical solutions - Research Paper Example By working towards maximizing value in terms of achieving economic competitiveness and value through lowering the lowest long term costs of ownership, a good objective will be achieved for all the departments. The assessment of life cycle costs includes the cradle to the grave costs and provides a method to accurately consider long term decisions. Six different radar test centres have come together in order to create a single unified program to replace their existing ageing radar systems, hence this new umbrella organization is the one that stands to benefit the most from the improvement of the radar life cycle. The first stage in the improvement of the radar life cycle is the acquisition stage, where old and defective parts of the system would need to be replaced by new components. One of the first aspects which must be taken into consideration is that the existing radar systems are fifty years old and therefore practically obsolescent, and will require periodic upgrades of both software and hardware, which would only involve further costs. How often such upgrades would need to occur would depend upon how often computer capacities would increase. For example, Moore’s law states that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit would double every two years, so this effectively means that existing technologies would become obsolescent very quickly. Hence hardware and software upgrades may be required at least once every four to five years. Moreover, in the case of older systems, manufacturers of some of the parts could stop making them and it wou ld become difficult to replace the parts, thereby necessitating upgrades, because some components are no longer available. Where radar systems are concerned, the accuracy and complexity requirements are also quite high; therefore the capacity of all the

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Leadership - Research Paper Example When in 1748, and aged 16, Washington enrolled with a surveying party on a mission organized by a land baron known as Lord Fairfax to the Shenandoah Valley. This would see him for the subsequent few years conduct surveys in Virginia as well as present day West Virginia making him gain a lifetime concern in the West. He would later in 1751-1752, for health reasons, make a visit to Barbados, West Indies accompanied by his brother Lawrence just before he died. The following year saw Washington start his career as a major in military when he was appointed by the royal governor to an adjutantship in the militia. The same year, Washington accompanied by a guide, journeyed to Fort Le Boeuf, within Ohio River Valley as an emissary of the governor to deliver to French ruling elite an ultimatum to stop settlement as well as reinforcement in English territory. While on trip, Washington attempted to improve British relations with different Indian tribes. He would in 1754 win the title of lieuten ant colonel then later colonel in the militia. He then guided a force that attempted to challenge French authority over Ohio River Valley, however, he faced defeat at Fort Necessity, PA-an incident that assisted in triggering the Indian and French War(1754-63).Washington ,later in 1754,annoyed by the demotion of his title due to forthcoming coming of British regulars resigned his commission. He would that same year lease Mount Vernon, which he have inherited in 1761(Ellis, 2008). This is just but a brief introduction of what kind of a leader Washington was. Washington would later emerge as one of the most significant leaders in the history of the founding of USA, even to the degree of being referred to as the Founding Father of America. One of the contributory factors that made Washington a great leader was the fact that he worked as well as lived with brilliant thinkers, philosophers,

Investigating Insomnia As A Form Of Sleep Disorder Psychology Essay

Investigating Insomnia As A Form Of Sleep Disorder Psychology Essay Sleep. Everyone spend a third of their lives doing that, but why? Logic says that the brain demands it. Everyone gives in to it, no matter how hard they try to resist. A lot of attempts have been made to understand sleep. But the problems of sleeping patterns are equally important too. Approximately a fifth of Americans complain about problems sleeping. The consequences of sleep disorders are dire. Twenty percent of all serious motor vehicles accidents are associated with driver sleepiness. Work productivity is reduced even more. These disorders might even damage relationships and hinder one from enjoying life to the fullest. In February 2009, a commuter jet on the way to Buffalo from Newark crashed, taking 50 lives with it. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded the cause of the crash is that the pilots performance was likely impaired due to fatigue. Harvards Charles Czeisler , who conducted a study on 2700 first-year medical residents, said that one in twenty first-year medical residents admits to making a fatigue-related mistake that resulted in death of a patient.Sleeping disorders is a serious problem that plagues the human race in many ways. They come in various forms, robbing the masses of a good-nights sleep. For example, night terrors a state of panic experienced while asleep- escalate during a childs preschool year. A person with night terror may suddenly sit up, looking terrified. They usually scream, sweat and might even swing their arms around at some imaginary attacker. Another example of sleeping disorder is sleep walking, which plagues about 20 percent of the population. Sleep walkers might seem harmless as they only walk around while they are asleep. But in some extreme cases, sleep walkers has been known to be extremely violent, even resulting in murder. Sleep apnea- the obstruction of a persons airway during sleep- is related to increased risk for stroke and heart attacks. It is also a big source of income for sleep center busine ss. Lastly, narcolepsy, a kind of sleep seizure, affects one in every two thousand person. Narcoleptics might fall asleep at any moment while engaging in daily activities such as driving and cooking. Imagine suddenly falling asleep while you are driving. These are only a few of the common sleeping disorders. Then, there is insomnia. Insomniacs are people who cant fall asleep, cant stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep. Insomnia is related to a wide array of conditions. Some of them has restless legs syndrome (RLS) an intense discomfort in their limbs that prevents them from falling asleep. Narcoleptics have trouble with staying asleep and staying awake. Some women cant sleep well during their periods. Even exercising can induce insomnia. Some insomniacs cant sleep because they are worried about work, school or other things. In the recent economic crisis, one-third of Americans report that they have lost sleep. Excessive or lack of certain neurotransmitters is also known to cause insomnia. More than 30% of the population suffers from insomnia. It is a widespread sleeping disorder that is surprisingly underrated. Majority of medical school students has no more than four hours of training on sleeping disorders. The National Institutes of Health contributes roughly $230 million a year to sleep research around the same amount the famous manufacturers of sleeping pills Lunesta and Ambien spend in one season on television advertising in 2008. Maybe the reason for sleep deprivation is because that people have forgotten how to sleep. In ancient times, cavemen slept when its dark and woke up when the sun rises. They are biologically programmed to do so. During the day, they would forage and hunt. When the sunsets, darkness follows. The temperature would gradually decrease with the absence of the sun. Being warm-blooded mammals, they would seek out shelter to avoid the perils of the cold dark night. Besides that, they cant do much if they cant see well at night. So, they sleep. During winter months though, they may have broken up their sleep into chunks. People in developing countries still often sleep this way. Carol Worthman and Melissa Melby of Emory University published a comparative survey of how people sleep in different cultures. For example, they found that the boundaries of sleep and waking are very fluid among groups such as the !Kung and Efe. For the regular insomniacs of today though, it might just be that they ta ke sleep for granted. Normally, teenagers are biologically programmed to wake up late. But they are required to wake up early to attend school. Night-shift workers are fighting the circadian rhythm when they are sleeping in the morning. Many people might also party into the night, neglecting the ancient calling of slumber which enables their body to rest. In todays modern era, most people are neglecting the ancient rhythm of sleep. There are different ways to classify the types of insomnia. Insomniacs can be split into two different groups. There is the primary insomniac, which means a person whose insomnia is not directly related to any other health conditions. There is also secondary insomnia, which is caused by a specific medical condition. Besides that, insomnia can also be classified according to their severity. They are transient insomnia (which last for less than a week), acute insomnia (which last for less than a month and chronic insomnia (which last for more than a month). These are the common types of insomnia out there. Then, there is the special type of insomnias. Psychophysiological insomniacs are people who either cant sleep or cant stay asleep for no evident reason. These are the people that worry too much about sleep, which causes even more tension. When a normal person relaxes when its close to bedtime, psychophysiological insomniacs gradually become even more stressful. According to John Winkleman, medical director of the Brigham and Womens Hospitals Sleep Health Center in Brighton, Massachusetts, psychophysiological insomniacs makes up about 25 percent of people who goes to sleep clinics. Sleep deprivation causes them to be very exhausted during the day. They may try to stay awake by consuming caffeine, which will have adverse effects on their sleep quality at night. Normally, this type of insomnia can be treated with a two-way approach. Firstly, doctors might prescribe sleeping pills. Most of these pills enhance the activity of GABA (a neurotransmitter that regulates the overall excitabilit y of the nervous system). It might sound like a good way to deal with the problem, but these drugs can lead to psychological or physical addiction. Sleeping pills are not a natural way to sleep, says Charles Czeisler. These pills might even negatively affect ones sleep in the long run. The second way to treat psychophysiological insomniacs is by utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). A psychologist applying CBT would first condition your way of thinking which is the cognitive part- and then he or she would condition your actions which is the behavioral part. This form of psychotherapy tries to improve the patients current state of mind, affecting the patient to think that his or her problem is solvable, and to exercise good sleeping behaviors. For example, go to bed only when you are sleepy, do not sleep in a brightly-lit room, dont try too hard to sleep. A study by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre (BIDMC) and Harvard Medical School has shown that CBT is more effect ive than sleeping pills in treating chronic on-set insomnia. So the good news is these insomniacs might just have to loosen up to get a good nights sleep. Moving on, there is a more extreme case of insomnia that can lead to death, the fatal familial insomnia (FFI). It is a rare genetic disease (known only in 40 families around the world), as its name suggest, that causes sleeplessness. Imagine that you are a patient with FFI. One day during your 50-year-old life, you suddenly cant sleep well through the night. Naps have become an impossible task. You desperately to shut your eyes and enter the sleeping state than your body yearned for so long. But inside your brain, the sun that keeps you awake will never set. When this disease strikes, it normally lasts about a year, and then, death. If you are really unlucky, you might slip into a coma, but you would still be fully awake and suffer the torture of sleeplessness until the day that your life fades away. Stanley Prusiner, a professor at the University of California, has found out that malformed protein called prions- can make the body consume itself. He concluded that these prions can c ause a rare type of degenerative brain disease. His brilliant experiment was the basis for researchers to study about FFI. Scientists have found out that prions attack the patients thalamus, which is a brain structure that is responsible for sleep. Before this, scientists do not even know that thalamus is related to sleep. Sadly, there is no way to stop this grim disease or even lighten its merciless symptoms. Like most things in life, it is still a mystery. In conclusion, the questions of sleep have intrigued scientists for a long time. The multitude of sleeping disorders out there that haunts the masses is worrying. No one can function well without a good nights sleep. That is why insomnia is a very terrible sleeping disorder to have. Causes of insomnia can range from petty little things like excessive worrying to malformed proteins that causes FFI. Insomniacs might even be the cause of the disorder themselves. Modern-style living has caused most people to neglect the circadian rhythm that evolution has bestowed upon them. Insomnias can be categorized into a few groups. For example, there is primary and secondary insomnia. Besides that, there are a few special types of insomnia out there. Psychophysiological insomniacs are people that worry too much about sleep to the point that they negatively affect their sleep. Bad as it seems, it is perfectly treatable. One could pop a sleeping pill, which would improve the activity of GABA. One co uld also try CBT, a form of psychotherapy that is better than sleeping pills. There are insomnias that tire you out, and then there are insomnias that can kill you. Fatal familial insomnia is a rare genetic disorder that affects only around 40 families world-wide. Firstly, one would lose the ability to nap, and then the ability to sleep well through the night disappears. Slowly but surely, one would completely lose the ability to sleep, and eventually, his or her life. Malformed proteins called prions are the main culprit of this disease. They attack the thalamus, the brain structure responsible for sleep. No one knows how to stop it or why it happens. It is still a big mystery. So, when you feel like your eyes cant stay open and your brain feel really drowsy, just fall asleep and appreciate that you are not troubled by any sleeping disorders. Men with chronic insomnia who also sleep less than six hours a night have a higher risk of early death than normal male sleepers who get more than six hours of shut-eye, a new study suggests. (Take National Geographic magazines sleep quiz.) Insomnia-difficulty falling or staying asleep-is the most common sleep disorder, affecting about 30 percent of people in the U.S., according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Chronic insomniacs are those who have had the disorder consistently for at least a year. After decades of mixed findings, the new report shows that insomnia is a serious disease with significant physical consequences, including mortality, said study leader Alexandros N. Vgontzas, director of Penn State Universitys Sleep Research Treatment Center in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Though the researchers didnt specifically study people who reported lack of sleep due to their lifestyle, Vgontzas emphasized that losing sleep for whatever reason is bad for your health. For instance, he has published previous results showing that curtailing sleep in young adults by two hours a night for just one week is linked to inflammation that may cause cardiovascular problems. A new study suggest that males suffering from chronic insomnia who sleeps less than six hours a night has a higher risk of early death than normal males that sleep more than six hours a day. After decades of research, study leader Alexandros N. Vgontzas, director of Penn State Universitys Sleep Research Treatment Center in Hershey, Pennsylvania says that insomnia is a serious disease with significant physical consequences, including mortality. These studies forever changes how we view insomnia, said Vipin Garg, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Trinitas Regional Medical Center in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Vgontzas study has shown that chronic male insomniacs are four times more likely to die early even after taking into account other factors such as smoking and sleep apnea. But it was not the case with the women. These findings may be alarming, but there were a few weaknesses in the insomnia studys design, said Garg, of the Sleep Disorders Center. For example, the number of sub jects in the study was small. No one dies directly from insomnia, instead the disease slowly corrode a persons health, exposing them to other diseases. Causes of insomnia and ways to treat it are still poorly understood. From now on, doctors have to change their attitude towards this sleeping disorder.

Donatello :: Biography

Donatello was born in Florence, Italy in1386. The full name of Donatello is Donato di Niccolo di Belto Bardi (â€Å"Donatello† par 1, 2, 3). His dad was a wool comber (â€Å"Donatello† par 1, 2). There was not much information found on his mom. He had a first job and that in the workshop of Lerenzo Ghilberti, a gothic sculptor, between 1404 and 1407(â€Å"Donatello† par 1, 2, 3). After that job he worked at a Florence Cathedral in 1407. At the Cathedral he decorated tombs and pulpits and made portrait busts and monuments (â€Å"Donatello† par 1, 2). An inspiration for his work was by ancient visual examples (â€Å"Donatello† par 1). He achieved his full intensity in the beginning of the 15th century (â€Å"Donatello† par 1, 2, and 3). In the later part of his life he studied Roman Ruins and became a Humanist (Blood par 1). In Donatello’s lifetime he had many accomplishments weather it was sculpting or just huge achievements. Donatello sent a while on his famous sculptor, Saint George, which was sculpted from 1416 to about 1420(ward par 2, 3, 4). 1428 was when the town put up a ancient Roman Pillar in the market place and that they asked him to make a statue because they believed he was the best sculptor(Morley 13,18). One of the monuments he created was Padua and he created that between 1443 and 1453. A well know sculptor of his was the statue Zuccone which people say showed the effective use of realism(Ward par 2,3,4). Donatello created many bronze sculptures. A huge achievement was his gilt bronze Herod’s feast. Another gilt bronze he made was St. Louis of Toulouse sculpture. One huge milestone was he made the first freestanding bronze naked bronze sculpture (Lewine par 2, 4). He designed twin bronze pulpit for San Lorenzo. The most important bronze sculpture was David was his first free-standing nude statue of the renaissance (â€Å"Donatello† par 2, 4). A huge famous sculpture he did was Gattamelata. That statue was supposed to represent a no ruler (â€Å"Donatello â€Å"par 2, 4). His statue called St. George was so good that even Michelangelo complemented it (Hale 109). John Pope Henessy, a great author, he noted that he was one of the greatest sculptors that ever lived. Following his sculptor called St. Gorge, he made St.Gorge and the dragon. St George was his first attempt at portraying a three dimensional scene on a flat surface (â€Å"Donatello† par 5, 7).

Marketing Mix Report Essay

Braaap is an Australian company which operates as well in USA producing dirty bikes for all ages and gender. It is a company that provides good conditions for the consumer buying their bikes with stores located around the country and online options to choose the best way to obtain a bike. The main characteristic of Braaap’s is to sell products for dirty bikes with the highest quality in the world. The brand is known across Australia as the biggest store online in the market. Connected with partners around the world that provide to them the necessary support to develop their new products. In the Braaap’s store, the costumer can buy equipments from the best brands around the world which multiply the number of choices for everyone. By the way, the prices are not low otherwise they could not offer a highest quality in their products. However, Braaap has a unique promotion that makes the difference in this market, Braaap’s is the only store which provides a lifetime warranty for their customers. If we think that this sport has a very high risk, this kind of promotion is very good for their image in the market. Braaap has created their image through many kind of events which involve motorcycle, sometimes sponsoring athletics or tournaments around the world. Also they produce a catalogue monthly to keep their clients aware about what is changing or the market news. Most of the Braaap’s clients are young people between 20 to 35, especially mans, due to the practice of that sport. Anyway, they are trying to get more attention from woman and child. Braaap’s offer a program to learn how to ride and other events to entrencher the customer that might not like this sport or lifestyle. Braaap’s stores have segmented their business since they were just an online store with few equipments and brands. Beyond sell parts of motorcycles, Braaad starts to sell cloths and all equipments from many different brands. This action expanded the business and increased the profitability. A huge variety of equipments, not just parts of motorcycles but cloths and accessories from many different brands are an important turnaround of Braaap’s business. Even if the prices are high, does not matter because the quality, design, options and a reliable brand make the difference in the market. Braaap’s cover whole Australia and export for other countries around the world, their online  store is well viewed for everybody and their promotions are always very effective. The marketing mix is open their eyes for business and they are trying to leave the equipments more accessible for all public otherwise the competitors are growing up quickly and getting a good slide of the motorcycle’s customers. The clients like when the company has a nice reputation in the market and when that brand is attempt in the events between sport, media and entertainment. It makes the public remember their brand as a good position which care about their lifestyle. Also the clients would like to get easy access to store to solve their enquires, and keep clear the information and services between company and customer. One of the innovations at braaap is the Launch of the braaap silent. Braaap is one of the first petrol based motorcycle manufacture to launch an electric powered bike off the production line. It means that Braaap’s stores are trying to find a way out of the saturated market and at the same time renew the concept of motorcycles around the world. For while, it is just available in Australia and USA but it will be everywhere soon. In conclusion, Braaap’s business is given more attention for the price due to the knowledge that price could influence directly in the other points of the marketing mix. The lower price is always a good option but in this case would not be a good position if we consider that Braaap works with best brand around the world and offer only highest quality products. It is recommended that Braaad’s store keeps working well, trying to get the best for their clients and always investing in new products and partners which will make them stronger tha n ever.

The History of the Antidepressant Prozac

The History of the Antidepressant Prozac Prozac is the registered trademarked name for fluoxetine hydrochloride, one of the worlds most widely prescribed antidepressants. It was the first product in a major class of drugs for depression called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors- or SSRIs. The drugs history dates to the early 1970s when the role of serotonin in depression began to emerge, according to David T. Wong, K.W. Perry, and F.P. Bymaster, in their September 2005 article, The Discovery of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac), published in the journal Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery. They add: These studies led to the discovery and development of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac; Eli Lilly), which was approved for the treatment of depression by the U.S. FDA in 1987. Prozac was first introduced to the U.S. market in January 1988 and  gained its most prescribed status within two years. The Invention of Prozac The story of Prozac began when biochemist Ray W. Fuller came to work at Eli Lilly in 1963, according to the Science History Institute: In his research Fuller had used rats treated with chloroamphetamine, which inhibited the production of serotonin, to measure the effects of other drugs on serotonin levels. Fuller believed that this method would forward research on brain chemistry. Two other scientists, Bryan Molloy and Wong- who coauthored the article previously mentioned in the introduction- joined Fuller in his work at Eli Lilly. In 1971 both Molloy and Wong attended a lecture on neurotransmission given by Solomon Snyder, a researcher from Johns Hopkins University, the institute notes. Snyder had ground up rat brains, separated out the nerve endings, and created an extract of nerve endings that worked in the same way as living nerve cells. Wong then used this technique to test the effects of various compounds, one of which was found to block the reuptake of serotonin with no side effects. The compound, fluoxetine, became the drug that was eventually named Prozac. Interestingly, Eli Lilly first tested Prozac as a treatment for high blood  pressure and then as an anti-obesity agent, noted Anna Moore in a 2007 article in The Guardian, a British newspaper. Eventually, after further studies by Fuller, Malloy, and Wong, Eli Lilly sought and received FDA approval (in December 1987) and the next month began to market Prozac as happiness in a blister pack, Moore noted. Skyrocketing Sales Sales of the drug took off: By the end of 1988, 2.5 million prescriptions for it were dispensed in America, according to Siddhartha Mukherjee in his article, Post-Prozac Nation: The Science and History of Treating Depression, published in The New York Times Magazine in April 2002, a year when the number of Prozac prescriptions had risen to more than 33 million annually. Though other antidepressants have taken over the top spots, Prozac was still the sixth-most popular such drug in the U.S. with 24.5 million annual prescriptions in 2015, according to Tim Hrenchir in his article, 10 Most-Prescribed Antidepressant Medications, published in July 2018 on NewsMax Health. How It Works Prozac works by increasing brain levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that is thought to influence sleep, appetite, aggression, and mood. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry messages between nerve cells. They’re secreted by one cell and picked up by receptor proteins on the surface of another. A neurotransmitter is either destroyed or retrieved into the cell that made it after the message has been delivered. This process is known as reuptake.   The effect of serotonin is amplified when reuptake is inhibited. Although its  not entirely known why increasing neurotransmitter levels reduces the severity of a depression, it may be that increased levels of serotonin cause changes in the brains concentration of neurotransmitter-binding receptors. This might make the brain physically more capable of feeling good. Since its introduction in the U.S., Prozac has met with mixed reviews by scientists, patients, and doctors, and has provoked its share of debate. Controversy and Clinical Trials In her 1994 book  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Prozac Nation,†Ã‚  Elizabeth Wurtzel wrote of a nearly transcendental experience after she started taking the drug, moving from an absence of affect, absence of feeling, absence of response, absence of interest and a â€Å"suicidal reverie† to a generally blissful state. Indeed, Wurtzels book helped the antidepressant gain even greater popularity. Peter Kramer in his 1993 book, Listening to Prozac coined the term better than well in describing how patients felt after taking the drug. But others began to question the effectiveness of Prozac, such as psychologist Irving Kirsch who wrote an article in 1998 in the journal Prevention Treatment titled, â€Å"Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo,† where he argued that antidepressants, including Prozac, were much less effective than was generally believed. In 2010, he published a book with the same argument called â€Å"The Emperor’s New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth.† Clinical trials were conducted that both supported and questioned the efficacy of Prozac. For example, Jay C. Fournier, et al., in a 2010 article published in the JAMA, called Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-analysis, evaluated patient data from six trials and found that all antidepressants, including fluoxetine hydrochloride, exhibited minimal efficacy in mild to moderate depression. Conversely, in a 2009  systematic review of the literature, the National Institute of Care and Clinical Excellence found that strong evidence existed for the efficacy of SSRIs, including Prozac. Backlash and Continued Use PBS on the People and Discoveries section of its website notes that reports also emerged that some patients felt more suicidal when they were on Prozac. Other negative references to Prozac also began to emerge in society, PBS notes: Lawyers began to defend murder suspects by saying that whatever they did, it was under the influence of a drug Prozac. In all, there were backlashes against Prozac, and later backlashes against the backlashes. The drug eventually settled into the middle of the pack of antidepressants. As noted, Prozac is no longer the most prescribed antidepressant, but it continues to hold a place in the pharmacists formulary, as PBS describes it: It is today one of the dozen or so drugs in the U.S. that continue to be prescribed to millions for antidepression.

Know The Main Forms Of Mental Ill Health Essays

Know The Main Forms Of Mental Ill Health Essays Know The Main Forms Of Mental Ill Health Essay Know The Main Forms Of Mental Ill Health Essay Temper upsets – Peoples who suffer temper upsets suffer from terrible or drawn-out temper provinces that disrupt their day-to-day life. Personality disorders- Personality upsets are conditions in which an person differs significantly from an mean individual. in footings of how they think. perceive. feel or associate to others. Anxiety disorders- Anxiety is a feeling of anxiousness such as concern or fright that can be mild or sever. Everyone has feelings of anxiousness at some point in their life. For illustration you may experience disquieted and dying about sitting an test or holding a medical trial or occupation interview. During times like these. experiencing dying can be absolutely normal. However some people find it difficult to command their concerns. Their feelings of anxiousness are more changeless and can frequently impact their day-to-day life. Psychotic disorders- Are terrible mental upsets that can do unnatural thought and perceptual experiences. Peoples with psychosis lose touch with world. Two of the chief symptoms are psychotic beliefs and hallucinating. Delusions are false beliefs. such as thought that person is plotting against you or that the Television is directing you secret messages. Hallucinations are false perceptual experiences. such as hearing. seeing. or experiencing something that is non at that place. Substance related disorders- This is continued usage of a substance legal or illegal. Substances include. intoxicant. pep pills. caffeine. inhalants. nicotine. prescription medicines. such as depressants. opioid’s ( morphia. heroine ) marihuana ( hemp ) . cocaine or psychedelic drugs. Eating disorders- Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental wellness status. It is an eating upset in which sick persons keep their organic structure weight every bit low as possible. Peoples with anorexia normally do this by curtailing the sum of nutrient they eat. doing themselves puke and exerting overly. Bulimia is an eating upset and mental wellness status. Peoples who have bulimia seek to command their weight by badly curtailing the sum of nutrient they eat. so orgy feeding and purging the nutrient from their organic structure by doing themselves puke or utilizing laxatives. 1. 2 One strength of the DSM and the ICD is that persons enduring from mental hurt can acquire some closing from a diagnosing. Patients may experience entirely prior to diagnosis but can happen people to speak to who may be enduring from the same unwellness. Furthermore. a diagnosing can assist households understand what an person is traveling through. assisting them supply support. In add-on. the DSM and ICD supply a consistent categorical model so mental wellness professionals are able to do an accurate diagnosing after hearing about a patients marks and symptoms. On the other manus. both the DSM and ICD have many failings. The first major failing is that one time people have been diagnosed with a mental wellness job society stigmatises them taking to them experiencing pushed out of the community. holding problem happening a occupation and makes their illness worse. In add-on. the categorization systems ignore societal causes of mental unwellness. For illustration. an person may experience down due to the loss of a loved 1. Another failing is that people can lie about their mental wellness taking to an inaccurate diagnosing. Rosenhan shown how absolutely healthy persons can lie about hearing the words thud. empty and hollow to a head-shrinker and will be diagnosed with depression directly off. Finally. many head-shrinkers and mental wellness workers have certain prejudices and this can impact how persons are diagnosed. For illustration. work forces and adult females with the exact same symptoms can come off with a wholly different diagnosing due to gender prejudices. Eg. adult female are seen as more emotional and are more likely to be diagnosed with depression whereas work forces are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD due to their aggressive nature. 1. 3 Biological and physical demands air. H2O. nutrient. shelter. heat. slumber. sex Esteem needs accomplishment. position. duty. repute 1. 4 Examples of marks and symptoms include: Feeling sad or down Baffled thought or decreased ability to concentrate Excessive frights or concerns. or utmost feelings of guilt Extreme temper alterations of highs and depressions Withdrawal from friends and activities Significant fatigue. low energy or jobs kiping Withdrawal from world ( psychotic beliefs ) . paranoia or hallucinations Inability to get by with day-to-day jobs or emphasis Trouble apprehension and associating to state of affairss and to people Alcohol or drug maltreatment Major alterations in eating wonts Sexual activity thrust alterations Excessive choler. ill will or force Suicidal thought Sometimes symptoms of a mental wellness upset appear as physical jobs. such as tummy hurting. back hurting. concern. or other unexplained achings and strivings. 2- Know the impact of mental sick wellness on persons and others in their societal web. Peoples with mental wellness jobs experience bias and favoritism in about every facet of their lives. Many have said the stigma of mental sick wellness is more disenabling than the illness itself. Research has shown that people with mental wellness jobs are pre-judged. happen it difficult to acquire occupations and prolong friendly relationships and relationships. Research has besides shown that ignorance. fright. and stereotypes presented in the newspapers. on the Television and at the film. all contribute to negative attitudes towards mental ailment wellness. Most people have small cognition about mental unwellness and their sentiments are frequently factually wrong. 2. 2 A-Psychological impact can include fickle idea forms. unexplained alterations in temper. deficiency of involvement in socialising. deficiency of empathy. inability to state the difference between world and phantasy. Mental wellness jobs can do a broad assortment of emotional symptoms. some of which include: Changes in temper Erratic thought Chronic anxiousness Exaggerated sense of dignity Impulsive actions B- Unable to transport out twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours undertakings such as clean uping up. wash. shopping. cookery and personal attention. Find it hard to hold the energy to pull off your fundss. or to care about money at all. If your depression is durable. you may happen it hard to gain money through working. You may experience that you do non desire to open letters from your bank or non hold the energy to pay measures. Treatment for depression may besides hold an impact on how much money you have. You be prescribed anti-depressant drugs that can hold unpleasant side effects intending that you are unable to work. C- Unable to utilize services due to low self-pride. deficiency of assurance. low energy degrees. effects of medicines. inability to perpetrate. D- Withdrawing from activities. unable to keep relationships. fright of traveling out. anxiousness. E- bitterness. anxiousness. fright. apprehension. choler at feeling pressured into making something you don’t ex perience you can make. ensuing in a feeling of low self-worth and abhorrence. 2. 3 A- Could do households to interrupt down. sorrow for a life they could hold had. fright of the impact the individual with the mental wellness unwellness will hold on their lives. Families could experience unable to voice their concerns or jobs in instance they upset the individual enduring mental wellness. B- Taking the load of all the fundss. guaranting all measures are paid. The individual with the unwellness might non be able to keep down a occupation seting more force per unit area on household members. C- Using services could give the household the support they need to get by with mental unwellness. supply information on services that are available to them. including groups and council members. D- Families can experience really stray. withdraw from socializing. feelings of guilt if they do travel out socially. unable to do or keep friendly relationships. E- Positive impacts ab initio are frequently few and far between but once they entree aid and back up there can be positive im pact from support groups or NHH for both the client and their household. In order to advance good mental wellness. there must be action. Mental wellness publicity covers a assortment of schemes. all of which have the purpose of doing a positive impact on mental wellness. Actions taken to advance mental wellness include schemes and plans to make environment and life conditions to back up mental wellness and let people to follow and keep healthy life styles. There is no one-size-fits-all plan for advancing good mental wellness. The scope of picks available additions the opportunities for even more people to see the benefits of good mental wellness – or bettering their mental wellness.

Slavery History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery History - Research Paper Example One of the major similarities among the lives of the two women was that both emerged successfully from dark shadows of slavery and managed to attain and play leadership roles. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman had deep faith in god’s power to prevent them from going astray and to protect them from danger. Moreover, both women realized the importance and influence of music and considered it an effective means of communication. Both women were well known for the fact that they strongly believed in their premonitions and acted upon them with sheer determination. Extensive biographies have been written on both Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman and they have also been commemorated by the United States Postal service with their individual stamps. Despite similarities, both women were very different with different areas of expertise. Harriet Tubman devoted her life for the escape of slaves by creating safe passages and for this reason she is famously known as ‘Black Moses of the Underground Railroad’. Sojourner Truth was not an active participant in Underground Railroad but reported to be supportive and sympathetic towards it. Sojourner Truth was a civil rights activist who dedicated her life to end slavery, stop women from alcohol consumption (Engerman et al 2001; Igus 1991). Harriet Tubman: Harriet Tubman launched her Civil War years before Fort Sumter’s firing incident took place in the year 1861. Harriet Tubman sustained a head injury at the age of fifteen when she deliberately prevented an overseer from catching an uncooperative slave. She never fully recovered from the injury and suffered from periodic sleeping fits during her entire life. Some historians believe that Tubman started showing defiant behavior as a slave from a very early age. However, her strategic and political consciousness developed during the time she started to fight to claim liberty for her friends and relatives. Due to her strong leadership skills, Harriet Tubma n was able to accomplish successful escape missions from the Eastern Shore. Harriet Tubman was always known to forge close community relationships and establish highly effective support system, which was the reason why she earned the title of ‘Moses of her people’. Massachusetts Governor John Andrew recognized Harriet’s passion and sheer determination to fight for freedom. Therefore John Andrew directed Tubman to travel to South Carolina and support Union war efforts in January 1862. Tubman directly participated in armed conflict and during the process she managed to forge close contacts with many important army officials. Due to her heroic tails of Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman was highly respected by many soldiers and was regarded as ‘Moses’ among the camp people. Harriet Tubman had close relationships with many prominent white people such as Thomas Wentworth Higginson which served a major reason for her being elected a leader of the freedman. In P ort Royal, Harriet supported the Union activities and in 1862 she joined Northern abolitionists. In Port Royal, Tubman served as a nurse and provided palliative care to soldiers suffering from cholera, dysentery and small pox. Tubman recognized the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 as an important step towards granting liberty from slavery to all Black people.

Finance Policy and Practise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finance Policy and Practise - Essay Example The LTV ratio is used to determine whether the borrower is likely to default. A borrower who is considered rational is likely to default when the value of the collateral falls below the value of the loan by an amount which equates to the net cost of the transactions such as relocation expenses, future payments for being deficient and the stigma attached to the situation (Crawford and Rosenblatt 1995, cited in Qi and Yang 2009). There are various ways in which a bank such as VB may become exposed to default and these are matters to be discussed. 1.1 Assessment of Estimated Property Values In assessing the value of a property and the annual rental price a number of formulas are used. The gross rent yield and the price/rent ratio are very useful formulas. Global Property Guide (2012) indicates that the gross rental yield on UK properties is 3.43% and the price rent ratio is 29 yrs. The price/rent ratio was used to calculate the property values and the gross rental yield was used to calc ulate the rental. ... -to-value (LTV) ratios and interest cover (the number of times interest is covered by rental income) will be used to assess Virtual Bank’s existing property loan portfolio. 2.1 Loan-to-Value Ratio The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is the standard risk measure that is used by lending institutions to analyse the risk attached to their loan portfolio. The formula for calculating LTV is: current value of property/loan. LTVs are rated as high, moderate or low. LTV’s in excess of 80% are considered high, 60 to 80% moderate and below 60% low. The information on sheet 1 shows that the LTV ratios after the revaluation are between 15.8% and 52.9%. This means that loans are properly secured and so VB faces no major risks as borrowers are not likely to default under the current valuation. 2.2 Assessment of Interest Cover The interest cover represents the number of times interest is covered by the operating profit from the property. The formula is operating profit before interest and ta x (PBIT)/interest expenses. Interest cover of 3 times or more are generally considered acceptable while 2 times and under are considered low (BPP 2009). The information on the spreadsheet labelled Sheet 3 indicates that the interest cover for all but three (3) loans is in the acceptable range of between 3 and 16 times. However, the loans to Plane (5,100), Russet (4,000), and Pearmain (8,000) show interest cover of 2.4, 2.1 and 2.5 respectively. These loans represent 4% ((17,100/428,448)*100) of the total loans drawn. This is a small percentage and there is no cause for a major concern because the interest cover although not in the acceptable region is still above 2. 3.0 Strategy for risk reduction The overall risk on the loan portfolio is considered low. However, there are some strategies that can be